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The photosynthetic activity generates a pmf which is composed of an electrical part, ΔΨ, and a proton gradient, ΔpH. In the wild plant (WT), the activity of TPK3 allows an efflux of charges, a decrease in ΔΨ and therefore an increase in ΔpH. In the mutant (tpk3), ΔΨ does not decrease, and prevents an efficient use of light for photosynthesis.